Effect of Ethyl Methanesulphonab(Ems) on Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) Seeds Under in- Vitro Culture

Abstract

Papaya is one of indispensable fruit crop the world which has second highest content of carotene the precursor of Vitamin A followed by Mango. Every part of the plant is used as medicine in one or the other way. The latex of the fruit contains papain which is having proteolytic enzyme pepsin; helps in digestion of protein. It is the polygamous fruit plant which has tremendous scope for its improvement through mutation breeding.The present experiment was carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) under two way Factorial experiments with three ·replications during 2011-12. Four varieties namely Pusa Dwarf, Pant papaya 1, Pusa Giant and Washington were taken. The characters under study were plant height (em)', stem girth, number of leaves and petiole length The maximum seed germination (64.66%) was recorded in variety Pusa Giant and the minimum (63.22) in Washington. The maximum seed germination (92.50%) was recorded in control while the minimum (20.75%) was with 5000ppm of EMS treatment. .. . . ' Maximum plant height (6.944cm) was recorded in Pusa Giant while minimum (4.006cm) in Pusa Dwarf. The maximum plant height (7.350 em) was recorded under 1000ppm of EMS treatment at one month stage. Again, maximum stem girth (0.21 em) was recorded in variety Pusa Giant while minimum was noted in Pusa Dwarf. The maximum stem girth (0.228 em) was found less .than 1 OOOppm of EMS treatment; however, the minimum (0.13cm) was noted under the seeds treated with 5000ppm of EMS.The maximum number of leaves (7.833) was recorded in Pusa Giant variety while the minimum was in cultivar Pusa Dwarf. The maximum number of leaves (8.833) was found under 2000ppm of EMS. The maximum petiole length (4.828cm) was recorded in Pus a Giant and the minimum (3.111) in Pusa Dwarf. The maximum petiole length (6.250cm) was recorded under 2'000ppm of EMS solution while the least was noted under 5000ppm. The maximum plant height (18.511 em) was recorded in Pusa Giant and the minimum (14.456cm) in Pusa Dwarf at three month' stage. EMS 2000ppm solution was found better in respect of plant height. Again, the maximum stem girth (0.274cm) was in Pusa Giant while the minimum in Pusa Dwarf. The maximum stem girth (0.283 em) was recorded under 2000ppm of EMS treatment while, the minimum (0.186cm) was noted under 5000 ppm EMS. Maximum leaves (16 . ~33) were noted in Pusa Giant and the minimum (1 0.167) in Pusa Dwarf. Again, the maximum leaves (18.667) were recorded under 2000ppm of EMS. The maximum and minimum petiole lengths were recorded 11 .889cm and 8.778cm in varieties Pusa Giant and Pusa Dwarf, respectively. Again, the maximum petiole length (15.658cm) was recorded under 2000ppm of EMS. The maximum and minimum plant heights were noted 28.69cm and 18.78cm in variety Pusa Giant and Pusa Dwarf, respectively at three month stage. The maximum plant height (26.57cm) was recorded under control which was followed by 2000ppm, 1 OOOppm and 3000ppm of EMS solution. The maximum as well as minimum stem girths (0.313cm and 0.246cm ) were recorded in variety Pusa Giant and Pusa · Dwarf, respectively. The maximum stem girth (0.336cm) was recorded under 2000ppm of EMS treatment. The maximum as well as minimum leaves (25.500 and17.167) were noted in variety Pusa Gi~nt and Pusa Dwarf, respectively. The maximum leaves ..., . ' (25.917) were recorded Iinder 2000ppm of EMS solution.The maximum and minimum petiole lengths (22.667cm and 18.572cm) were noted under Pusa Giant and Pusa warf varieties, respectively.The' maximum as well as minimum petiole lengths were recorded under 2000ppm and· 5dOOppm of EMS treatment. As is evident from the result that the plant height, stem girt, number of leaves and petiole length were recorded maximum in Pusa Giant whereas the minimum were noted in Pusa Dwarf variety. It was also observed that EMS @2000ppm was most effective for development of vigour rather.. th.~ n other concentrations where as 5000ppm of EMS ' drastically reduced the vigour of th~ plant. Thus, on observation of the data it was found that for development of ultra dwarf strains of papaya, higher concentrations of EMS will be effective for successful improvement of papaya cultivars.