Genetic Diversity Analysis of Table Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) At Morphological and Molecular Levels

Abstract

Fifty five genotypes of pea were evaluated at two levels, morphological (based on eleven traits) and molecular (based on RAPD and SSR primers) at HRC Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel U~ive~sity of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during the 2014 cropping seasons. The objective of the study was to determine the magnitude of genetic variability, association of characters for yield and yield related traits, genetic divergence and to examine polymorphism among the genotypes on the basis of markers. The fifty five accessions under study were grown in RBD with three replications. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all the morphological characters under study indicating the presence of wide spectrum of variability in the genotypes. The promising genotypes with high seed yielding potential on the basis of mean are VRP-383, VRP-311, VRP-320 and Kashi shakti. The highest Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) (>20%) was observed for seed yield per plant (51.21 gm) followed by number of pods per plant (50.06), shell weight per plant ( 48.96gm), green pod yield per plant (47.27gm), plant height (31.73cm), length of first fruiting node(22.63cm) and number of first fruiting node (22.44) indicating high diversity among the traits under study. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean (>20%) were observed by the characters viz., plant height and green pod yield per plant suggesting that these traits are genetically controlled by additive gene action. At the phenotypic level, highest significant positive direct effect on seed yield per plant was observed by green pod yield per plant, number of first fruiting node, length of pod, days to 50% flowering and plant height indicating that these traits will be considered as main components of selection in a breeding program for higher seed yield. Based on Mahalanobis02 values, all the 55 genotypes of pea under study were grouped into 6 clusters with maximum genotypes falling in cluster III. Maximum value of inter-cluster distance (02=6.471) was recorded between cluster I and cluster IV revealing that the genotypes of these clusters were highly diverse from oth.ers. The genotypes in cluster I had highest mean values for number of pods per plant, green pod yield per plant, shell weight per plant and seed yield per plant. Whereas, the genotypes ~~ cluster IV showed maximum mean for days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of first ~rutt~ng n~de and n~mber of seeds per pod. Thus, crossing of genotypes from cluster I and IV will giv~ nse to maximum aenetic segregation of the crop. At molecular level 15 RAPD and 30 SSR pnmers produced 27 ~nd 29 alleles respectively. Average of PIC values for RAPD and SS~ primers.ar~ 2.45 and ~.45. u · hted pair-oroup method arithmetic average cluster analysis and prmc1pal coordmate anna~;;~ on the 1;arker-based GS grouped the cultivated varieties separately from the whole accessions into different clusters. Genotypes EC-8372 and EC-71944, VRP-82, VRP-320 and EC-97280 showed great diversity from the other genotypes.