Genetic Analysis of Yield and Yield Components in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Abstract

l'n:scnt in,·estigation \\as unJertaken for genetic anal)>is of >ield anJ quslit) anril-utcs in bread \\heat \\ith 24 parenh and SOFt's crosses de\elojX'CI under line' tNcr mating design. at Crop Rcsean;h Cc:ntrc:, S.V.P Lni\ersity of Agriculture & I echnlllugy. Meerut. A t\\'O·}ear> >tudy was carried out during rob• 2009·1 0 and 200 I 0-11 with I 04 genotypes of bread wheat ro assess genetic information lor yield component traits and some quolity truits vi:: days to ear emergence, da)' to rmuurit}. number of productive tillers per plant, plant height (em). llag leaf area (em'). \pike len~th (em). grnin\ per spike bioloj!iC:JI yic:ld per plant (g). harvest lndc' C~o). grain yield per plam (g). 1000-gram \\eight (g). ash content (%)and phenol colour reaction cgrading). The data recorded on :1!1 these trait:. \\ere ~ubj«ted to \'11tioU> ~tati,tical and biomctri.al analysis e~cept one char<~clcr data i.e. on phenol colour reaction, tu "0~ out nnal}si> of \ariance, combining abilil} \Jriance and effects and componcnb ot \3riam:c. genotypic and phenot)pic cocllicient of \atiation, heritabilit) in broad & nnrro\\ scnSl!. genetic advance in percent of mean. correlation cocllicicnt. pmh coetlk ient and manifestation of heterosis. Dau on phenol colour reaction '>U' rccMded in 5 grade, (Black. Dark bro,,n, I ighl brcmn. Light colour on the edge and :-.o colour). A lithe cntru:s (parents & crosse~) \\en: groups in these 5 categories. ,\nal}>is of \ariance revealed that tl high amount of \ariabilit} amung the: genOI)PC' \\ere present for all the traits under study. Estimates of ph~not)pic coellicicnt of variation (PCV) \\3> lillie bit more but \ef) close to corrc,r<>nding gcnol\pic cucllicient of,ariation (GC\') for all the chamcters under stud). Both GC\" and PC \ "~rc found to b.: mndcmtc < 1 0 to ~s·r. l lor tlag leaf area. bio lo~: i •• 11 : icl•l per plant, gmin ) ield per plant and ash content \\hi.:h indicated _that on. these trui" h<'l'il~bk \<Jriabilil\ \\ould not 1x influenced b> em ironment. H1gh esumatc c>t hcntnb•ht} (>3ll'lo) ;n narro" sense \\ere rccord<'ll l()r m1mbcr of producthc tillers p.:r plant. bi<llogi<ul > icld per pl:!nt, h31'\cSI indc' and groin) icld p<r pl~nt \\hile it :'as rnodcrutc: ( 10·30'lo) recorded for da)S to ear emef'!;cncc. dl)> 10 matunty. plant hcrghl, lla& It::~ I area. spi~.: length, grain per 'Pike and lo\\ hcritabilil) (<Hl~o.> \\ere: re~ordcJ for 1000· gr.1in \\eight lli!,!h hcritabilit> cnarro\1 sense) .:oupled "rth h1gh gen~uc ud,~n.e 10 rcr cent ul mean \\ere: recorded l()r biok>gical yield per plant and grarn ) rciJ I'''' plant. i\NOV1\ lur c,tmbining abilit) r.:veukd that 11l gca and a~~ca 1\ere_l~ighl) 'Jgnili~.llll for nil the: chorncters indicated role ,,f both uddithe and non addttl\t: g<IIC 11\lhllt, t!l~ pa~·cnl\ & h) brids lor ~.\prcs~ion of all the tratt~. l'urents I'BW502. WCW98-48, Sclcctmn-1. fill W23.J. P~V.,·B5. I'll W5'JO. DBW 17. were found to be good gcncr~l combmcr.. tor )'tcld ~nd tmponam )'icld contributing trait5. These parents may be mcorporatcd m cro~s brccdmg programme tu generate a broad genetic base population \\ith dc\lrablc: trath m \\heat Parent., l J>2J38. IID2967. ~WCW98-19 UP2425 llll\\'516. ~ll\\ -135. and PB\\'226 \\ere lound as good general combin;rs for a~h content "!ulc DB\\ 17. \\C\\'98~-18 and PBW-135 "ere common good general combmcr tor grJm yteld per plant" uh lm• phenol reaction (Light Bro"n). Crosses IIUW234 x PB\\'343. PBW435 ' I'BW343, HUW635 x PBW590, HD273J x PBW226, IIUW2 13 x I'BW590. I'HW373 x PBW343, and WCW98-48 x PBW590 showed high significant sea effect for grain yield and other important yield components. These cross combinations may be exploited through heterosis breeding for improvement in wheat with regard~ to yield & yield components. Five cross combination> ••i.::; Selection-! ' PBW590, IIUW635 \ PBW590. WCW98-48 x PBW590. IIUW234 x PBW3-l3 and PBW550' DBWI7 also expressed significant and positive sea effect along" ith high significant heterotic response and per se performance indicated the economic increase in grain ) ield was due to non additive genetic components. And three cross combinations namely. HUW516 x DBWI7. WCW98-19 x DBWI7 and WC\V98-4 x DB\\'17 sho"ed high heterotic response for ash content along \Vith grain )ield. High estimate ofheritabilit) (>30%) in narrow sense (If) were recorded for number of productive tillers per plant. biological yield per plant. harvest index and grain yield per planL High heritability (narrow sense) coupled with high genetic advance in per cent of mean were r~-corded for biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant Grain yield per plant exhibited high ly sign ificant and positive association with I 000- grain weight, harvest index. biological yield per plant. grains per spike, number of productive tiller per plant and days 10 maturity. On the basis of over all computed findings it may be suggested thai for exploitation of both the additive and non-additive component of variation material may be handled through pedigree method reciprocal recurrent selection or biparental ~atin? for obtaining superior segregants ,.;sa-•·is improvement in wheaL Multtple gene m~ut tnt~ a central gene pool rna) be useful to obtain more favourable genes. by mvolvmg promising general combiners. Cross with high sea value and per se perfo~ance and the cross combinations with hinh heterosis pcrcentage rna) be explotted through heterosis breeding programme. A. .n d the superior crosses which involved hi~h x high general combiners may be exploited in eros> breeding programme for ha~mg good transgressive scgregants in early generation. By improving the characters l~ke IOO?grain weight. harvest index, number of productive tillers/plant, grains per sptke, gram yielcl"lirimproved in wheat.