Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles From Hibiscus (Hibisc11s Rosasinensis) Leaf Extract

Abstract

Gn.:cn s} nlhcsis has emerged as an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional methods for the production of nanoparticles. In this study. we present a novel approach for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticlcs (LnO 1'\Ps) using a natural and readily available: source. hibiscus leaf extracl. The utilit-<~tion of plant e:-.1racts in nanoparticlc synthesis otTers scvcml advantages. including eco-tTicndlincss. cost-effectiveness. and the abs.:nce of toxic chemicals. The hibiscus lear extract was obtained through a simple and non-destructive method. ensuring the preservation of the active phytochemicals present in the pl3nt material. The c,\tract was used as a r.:ducing and capping agent for the symh.:s1s of /.nO t-. Ps. The green symhesi:. proc.:ss was optimV.cd b: varying reaction parameters such as temperature. pH. and concentration of reactants. Thc symhcsiLcd LnO 1\Ps were characterized u:.mg \arious analytical techniques. X-my diflhlction analysis confirmed the formation of cry~'talline i'nO nanoparticlcs with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Scanning electron microscopy re\ealcd the morphology of th~ nanoparticl~s. exhibiting a relatively uniform and spherical shape. Energy-dispersive X-ray s~ctroscopy confirmed the elemental composition of thc synthesized nanoparticles. Furthermor.:. the gn:~n-synthesized ZnO "JPs demonstrated excellent stability and high disper>;ibility in aqueous media. The antibacterial activit} of the nanopaniclcs was C\aluated against common pathogenic ba.:teria_ and ~igniticant mh1bitory elli:cts were o!J,..,n.:d.. indicating their potcnual application as antimicrobial agents. The gre.:n synthesis of ZnO NPs using hibiscus leaf extract pro' ides an eco-fricndl} and sustainable approach that is free from hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes. The utili/at ion or plant extracts as reducing ag.mts not on!) reduces the environmental impact but abo cnhonc~s tit.: biocompatibility and potential biomedical ,lpplications of the synthesized nanoparticlcs. 'I here lore. this study highlights the signilicuncc of green synthesis h:chmqucs in the production <lt' llmctionalnanomaterials using natural resources. Kcy\\ords: Green synthesis. Line oxide nanoparticles. lubis..:us leaf extract. charact..,ri/~ti''"· antibacterial acti\'ity.