Isolation, Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Native Azotobacter Species From Soil Samples

Abstract

Azotobacter is one ofthe living organisms found in bio-fertilizers that, when applied to soil or seeds, aid in colonizing the rhizosphere, or interior of the plant, and aid in promoting growth by making more primary nutrients available to plants. Azotobacter is an oval- or sphericalshaped, free-living, gram-negative bacterium. It is a crucial bio-fertilizer that increases soil fertility by fixing nitrogen, which in turn helps to increase crop yield by facilitating the manufacture of nutrients that are biologically active enough for plants to absorb. It is more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizer since it also contributes significantly to nutrient cycle and boosts nutrient availability. The Azotobacter inoculants have been formulated as biofertilizers, especially in India, China, and Indonesia because it can increase agricultural output. Azotobacter inoculation is the application of biotechnology to support the development of agricultural practices that minimize pollution and decrease soil quality. Azotobacter inoculants might be important in supplementing the plant nutrient in remote areas outside the city or on the island. In such areas the supply of chemical fertilizer is limited and farmers there are mostly cannot afford the expense of chemical fertilizers. In this review, our main goal is to highlight the role and perspective ofnitrogen-tixingAzotobacter fot: sustainable agriculture, and here the mechanism of Azotobacter as PGPR and its role regarding biofertilizer, bio stimulant, bioprotectant activity has been discussed. The objectives of this paper were to illustrate the important roles of Azotobacter to increase plant growth and productivity as well as reduce chemical fertilizer, and the prospective of Azotobacter to minimize the chemical fertilizer rates in food crop production. Keywords- Azotobacter, Nitrogen cycle, Application.