Studies on host plant resistance of Mungbean against Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) and management of insect-pests complex with eco-friendly approaches

Abstract

The present investigation entitled as “Studies on host plant resistant of Mungbean against Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) and management of insects-pests complex with eco-friendly approaches” was conducted during summer 2021 and 2022. The field experiments were carried out at Crop Research Centre and laboratory experiments were conducted in College of Agriculture (Department of Soil Science) of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.). During crop season (Summer 2021 and 2022), fifteen genotypes of green gram were screened for their relative resistance against Maruca vitrata (G.). Among all the genotypes, IPM 99-125 (0.53 larvae) and IPM 2-14 (0.54 larvae) were found minimum number of larvae and 2.64 % and 8.21 % seed damage, respectively. The categorization was done on the basis of pod damage, highest pod damage was observed in SML 668 and categorized as susceptible genotypes with 34.88 % pod damage while least pod damage was observed in the MH 421 (4.41%), referred as Moderately Resistant (MR) along with this IPM 99-125 (4.62 %), IPM 2-K-14-9 (8.26 %) and PM (9.44 %) also recorded as MR genotypes. Four genotypes viz. SML 1815 (11.07 %), IPM 2-14 (11.20 %), KM 2328 (13.71 %), IPM 302-2 (16.04 %) and K-851 (17.77 %) were observed as the tolerant genotypes. Rests of five genotypes were declared as the moderately susceptible genotypes viz. PDM 11 (20.63%), KM 2241 (20.84%), IPM 410-3(21.28%), IPM 312-20 (22.54%) and T 44 (23.51%). The highest yield producing genotypes were IPM 99-125 (6.555q/ha) and MH 421 (5.978 q/ha). Biophysical character such as Trichomes on the Pod, Trichome on the Leaves and Pod wall thickness showed negatively significant correlation with number of larvae per plant and pod damage (%) whereas Number of leaves/plant, Length of Pod, Density of flower/Pod and Pod thickness were showed positive relationship with the number of larvae per plant and pod damage (%). Biochemical constitutes such as Phenol content (mg/g) showed significant and negative correlation with the number of larvae per plant and pod damage (%) while Protein, Sugar and Reducing sugar content were found positively correlated with the pod damage (%) and Number of larvae per plant. For the management of insects-pest complex, 6 pesticides and untreated control were used viz. Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2×1011 spores/ml, Pongamia oil, Verticillium lecanii @ 1×108 Spores/ml, Azadirachtin 5% EC, Beauveria bassiana @ 1×108 spores/ml and Emamectin benzoate 5 SG. For the sucking pest such as aphid, jassid, whitefly and thrips, Emamectin benzoate 5 SG was observed as the best treatment followed by the Azadirachtin 5% EC, Pongamia oil, Verticillium lecanii @ 1×108 Spores/ml and Beauveria bassiana @ 1×108 spores/ml. The highest population of sucking pest was found the plot treated with Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2×1011 spores/ml. In case of Maruca vitrata, Emamectin benzoate 5 SG was recorded as the best treatment followed Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2×1011 spores/ml, Azadirachtin 5% EC, Pongamia oil and Beauveria bassiana @ 1×108 spores/ml were found significantly superior with the untreated control. The highest population of Maruca vitrata was recorded in the plot treated with Verticillium lecanii @ 1×108 Spores/ml. During the crop period, overall highest population of all insect was recorded in the untreated control. The highest production was given by the plot treated by the Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (9.35 q/ha) and ICBR for this treatment was calculated 1:5.89. In term of production next treatment was the Azadirachtin 5% EC (8.23 q/ha), Bt (8.22 q/ha), Pongamia oil (7.45), Bb (6.88 q/ha) and Vl (6.50 q/ha). The ICBR of Bt was calculated 1:4.79 followed by Pongamia oil (1:3.23), Bb (1:2.51), Vl (1:2.25) and Azadirachtin 5% EC (1:1.55).