Development of Idm Modules for Basmati Rice in Rice-wheat Cropping System of Western Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Various IOM modules (total 10 treatments) comprising of cultural, biological, host defense inducers, botanical and chemicals, were formulated and evaluated under field conditions, against the natural occurrence of Basmati rice diseases at S.V.P.U.A. & T. Meerut, India during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Seed treatment with combination product, Carboxin + Thiram@ 3g/kg, with timely sowing (201 h June), gave complete suppression of leaf blast during the nursery. Three phases of blast i.e. leaf blast, collar rot and panicle blast were observed in the transplanted Basmati rice field. Leaf blast phase appeared early during initial tillering stage (15 OAT), continued on increasing and reached on peak at 40 OAT (late tillering stage) and started declining during mid age of crop. The treatments 1 (balanced .crop nutrition+ seed treatment with combination product Carboxin+ Thiram+ application of silicon source and one spray of Carbendazim+ Mancozeb at heading stage), 5 (as indicated below), 9 (balanced crop nutrition+ application of silicon source and FYM) and 10 (only balanced application of N, P and K) with timely planting by 12-13th July, showed comparatively lower leaf blast severity and · AUOPC values. Variety · PB 1 showed comparatively much less brown leaf spot disease than PB 1121 and showed a rate red~:~cing type of resistance reaction during both the years with low~r severity and AUOPC values of brown spot. Preventive measures such as seed treatments with effective fungicides like Carbendazim or combination of Carboxin+ Thiram along with soil drenching with Carbendazim or Carbendazim+ Mancozeb at early tillering stage (15 OAT) as in treatments 2 and 6, proved very effective with late onset and little disease incidence and hence, ·very low AUOPC values in case of foolish seedling (bakanae) disease. The 10M modules with timely planting in treatments 1, 5, 9 and 1 0, showed significantly lower mean percentage of chaffy and higher percentage of filled grains. 10M module 5 was found to be most superior over others with highest 1000 grain weights during both the years. In general, variety PB 1 was found to produce significantly higher rice grain yield than the PB 1121. Among the IOM modules, the early planted treatments (treatments 1, 5, 9 and 1 0) produced the higher mean grain yield than the late planted treatments in both the varieties, during both the years. The highest grain and straw yields, obtained in 10M module 5 (with balanced crop nutrition, application of host defense inducers like ZnS04, FeCI3 and silicon source + seed treatment and seedling dip with bioagents like · Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens and spray of neem leaf extracts and Pseudomonas fluorescens in standing crop), might be due to better growth and establishment of crop through growth promoting activities of bioagents and enhanced r~sistance of crop to diseases and pests and ~ltimately the minimum loss in grain yields.