Multi Drug Resistant Zoonotic Pathogens and Their Antibiotypes In the Clinical Cases of Bovine Diarrhoea

Abstract

Diarrhoea in cattle especially in young calves is a major threat to the dairy industry because of direct losses owing to death, poor growth and cost involved in treatment. Knowledge of antibiotic use and resistance is important for making the right choice of antibiotics and ultimately helpful in the management of bacterial livestock infections. In the present study, a total of 47 clinical cases of bovine diarrhea from LRC, SVPUAT and villages of Meerut and adjoining area, Uttar Pradesh were studied. Faeces samples were collected from all the animals and kept in an ice-cold condition and cultured in the time period of 24 hours. Nearly 68.09%, 29.79% and 12.77% of the faecal samples were positive for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas spp, respectively. Herd size and age group were found to be significantly associated (p< 0.05) with the occurrence of these pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using agar disk diffusion method, and it was found that all the isolates of E. coli, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas spp possessed resistance to metronidazole. A high level of resistance was observed against oxytetracyclin, gentamicin, streptomycin and ceftriaxone. In contrast, enrofloxacin and amikacin were effective against E. coli, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas spp. The sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and the bioinformatic analysis of sequences revealed the existence of Escherichia coli and one as Escherichia fergusonii and shared mostly the same close relatives. The data in the present study contributes to diagnosis, treatment and control of bovine diarrhoea in Uttar Pradesh, India, in particular, and emphasis the need of good managemental practices to avoid the entry of commensal and nosocomial pathogens in host to induce any diseases conditions. The occurrence of Klebsiella and Pseudomonas can be managed by improving the environmental contamination.