Assessment of Genetic Variability and Molecular Characterization in Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

Abstract

The present study by using 20 germplasms of pea were evaluated for genetic diversity and yield related traits with randomized block design (RBD) with three replications during Rabi 2021-22. Ten quantitative characters were considered to study information on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, degree of association among different yield contributing traits with yield and related traits and the degree of genetic divergence and molecular analysis at molecular level. Observations were recorded on various characters viz. days to germination, days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, length of pod (cm), width of pod (cm), days to maturity, pod yield per plant (g) and pod yield (q/ha). Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability among the genotypes for all the characters, under study, indicated wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for number of pod per plant (26.63, 26.43), moderate PCV and GCV was recorded for days to 50 % flowering (18.32, 18.15) and least PCV and GCV was observed in (6.20, 5.33). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage was observed for days to maturity (99.39, 27.65), plant height (98.98, 46.50), pod yield per plant (98.95, 45.43), pod yield (q/ha) (98.89, 32.22) and moderate heritability was recorded for number of pod per plant (98.80, 46.50) days to 50 % flowering (98.25, 37.07), length of pod (89.35, 13.99). Days to maturity revealed highly significant and positive correlation with days to 50% flowering (0.736, 0.726) both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that length of pod (0.9703) have direct and positive effect on pod yield at genotypic level and number of pods per plant (0.5881) have direct and positive effect on pod yield at phenotypic level. Mahalanobis (D*) statistics revealed considerable genetic diversity among the genotypes. Genotypes were grouped into five clusters maximum 5 genotypes fell in to two cluster viz. cluster I and II. In the present study, maximum intra cluster distance was observed for cluster I and the maximum inter cluster distance was recorded in cluster II and IV and least inter cluster distance observed between cluster III and V. At Molecular level 11 RAPD primers produce 60 bands. Average of PIC value for 11 RAPD primers 0.330. Average resolving power is 2.590 for RAPD primers. Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis on the marker-based GS grouped the cultivated varieties separately from whole accessions into different clusters. Genotype AP-3 and Arka Priya revealed great distance genetic relationship.