E-screening and Expression Analysis of Curcuminoid Biosynthesis Gene in Turmeric With Phytochemical Characterization and Their Activity Analysis

Abstract

Phytochemical screening of medicinal plants is very important in identifying new sources of therapeutically and industrially important compounds. The present study is aimed to evaluate the pattern expression analysis of curcumin synthase genes with the study of bioactive compounds and their activity analysis in turmeric. Phytochemical analysis of leaves extract reveled, the maximum 282.52 mgGAE/100g total phenolic content and in rhizomes it was found maximum 142.06 mgGAE/100g. The results of preliminary evaluation of total phenolics from 30 germplasm of turmeric were further evaluated for their quality analysis using Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) which were further confirmed using HPLC. The present study concluded with the detection of only caffeic acid in leaves extract and presence of curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bisdemethoxy cucumin in rhizome extracts of all thirty turmeric germplasm. The antioxidant activity was found to be varied from minimum of 3.05% to a maximum 71.72% in leaves and in rhizomes 24.35% to a maximum value of 98.81%. The antimicrobial activity of turmeric leaves and rhizomes were assayed in vitro against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the present study clearly show that the leaves of turmeric plants also posses the anti microbial activity like that of the rhizome. The molecular analysis done with 20 SSR markers shown the existence of considerable genetic variation among the genotypes which is useful for further selection and breeding program. In the present study, bioinformatics tools were used to model the curcuminoid synthase. This work might be informative and helpful for the bioinformatics research lead to help in further analysis which are essential for pharmaceutical and agricultural industry. Expression of all three genes CURS1, CURS2 and CURS3 were found higher in rhizome samples as compared to the leaves samples. Over all CURS 1 gene is highly expressed in both rhizome and leaves followed by CURS 2 and CURS3. The profiling for the presence of Curcuminoids, molecular and functional analyses of its medicinal value and study of the genes involve in curcuminoids biosynthesis is of great importance. Such studies might shed light into the functional genes and aid to understand the diverse pathways involved in phytomedical attributes of turmeric.