Morpho-molecular Genetic Diversity Analysis of Basmati and Non-basmati Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Germplasm.

Abstract

The present investigation comprised 34 genotypes of rice was carried out to analyze the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, path coefficient and genetic divergence for 15 quantitative traits. The present study has shown that there is considerable variability in genotypes for all the traits. The genotypes with high mean values in desirable direction i.e., genotypes Pusa basmati 1509 (80.3 days) showed early flowering, early maturity was shown by Pusa Basmati 1509 (112 days), the biological yield was more for Malaviya Basmati (2.08kg), the test weight is more for Crassa Purple was 27.4 gms, grain yield per plot is more for Pant Basmati 2 (1.13 kg). The estimates of PCV and GCV were high for characters was moderately observed in days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, biological yield, grain yield, test weight, flag leaf length, number of effective tillers. High heritability coupled with high GA indicates that most likely the heritability is due to the additive gene effect and selection may be effective for characters such as days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf length, internode length, biological yield, test weight, grain decorticated length and grain yield. In the character association studies correlation analysis has revealed that the following characters such as biological yield have very strong correlation with grain yield. Path coefficient analysis of grain yield per plot and its contributing characters revealed that biological yield per plot had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plot followed by days to 50% flowering and harvest index. The results of D2 analysis indicated the presence of high amount of genetic diversity among all genotypes studied. Cluster III consists of 5 genotypes that had recorded highest mean value for most of the characters like grain yield, biological yield, test weight, panicle length and plant height. Hence selection of genotypes for immediate use may be beneficial. Out of 13 SSR primer pairs studied, 11 markers showed successful PCR amplicons while the other 2 markers did not produce any PCR amplicons hence, these 2 markers were omitted. 11 SSR markers showed polymorphism. The highest PIC value was observed in HvSSR04-46 (0.79), while lowest PIC value was observed in HvSSR04-19 (0.39) marker. The average PIC value of these markers was 0.59. Based on the binary scoring of 11 SSR primers a clustering pattern of dendrogram was generated by using molecular data showing two clusters namely cluster I and cluster II based on Jaccard’s dissimilarity coefficient.