Clinical Studies on the Effect of Glycopyrrolate- Xylazine Supplementation to Zoletil Induced Total Intramuscular Anaesthesia (Tima) in Dogs

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare two different anaesthetic protocols in clinical cases of dogs undergoing various surgical and non surgical procedures. Fourteen client-owned dogs of different breeds, (8 Nondescripts, 2 Doberman pinscher, 1 Labrador, 1 German shepherds, 1 Pitbull, 1 Spitz) of either sex (3 Males and 11 Females), of different age groups (7 months to 11 years range) suffering from various affections were selected as the subject of the study. All animals were kept off feed for 12 hours and water was withheld for 6 hours before anaesthesia. Before administration of any anaesthetics the animals were left undisturbed for 1 hour. Fourteen canine patients were divided into 2 groups viz. A and B with seven animals in each group.In group A, as anaesthetic Zoletil (tiletamine-zolazepam) @ 20 mg/kg body wt. was administered intramuscularly. In group B, as preanesthetic glycopyrrolate @ 0.005 mg/kg body wt. was administered, intramuscularly. After 15 minutes xylazine @ 0.5 mg/kg body wt was administered, intramuscularly. After 15 minutes of preanesthetic administration in B groups anaesthesia was induced with tiletamine-zolazepam @ 10 mg/kg body wt intramuscularly. After induction of anaesthesia the animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of suitable size. The parameters were recorded up to 120 min or till completion of surgical procedure. The jaw tone was abolished in group B in comparison to sluggish in groups A, Corneal reflex, palpebral reflex were present in group A whereas in group B these reflexes were sluggish during maintenance of anaesthesia. Pedal reflex were completely abolished after induction in group B, whereas in group A pedal reflex was sluggish and both remained so during anaesthesia. Eye ball rotation was slight to moderate in both groups. Myorelaxation was optimally present in both group. In both group down time was less than 3 minutes and induction time was less than 5 minutes. There was significant difference in duration of anaesthesia, time of extubation, and standing time, parameters were higher in group B as compared to group A. Glycopyrrolate prevented hypersalivation effect of tiletamine in group B which was present in group A.. Alpha 2 agonists did not cause bradycardia as effects was subsidised by glycopyrrolate and tiletamine. Tiletamine-zolazepam increased the heart rate and slowed down the respiration initially followed by return to baseline throughout procedure. Rectal temperature was decreased in both group. MAP decreased in group A and increased in group B after admininistration of tiletamine-zolazepam at 5 min time interval thereafter fluctuation in the mean arterial pressure was recorded in both groups throughout the observation period. The SPO2 dropped initially after administration of tiletamine-zolazepam then fluctuated thereafter and returned to baseline in both groups at the end of observation period. The values of Hb, PCV did not change significantly in both groups. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values did not change significantly in any of the groups and remained in normal physiological limit. It was concluded from the study that Zoletil (Tiletamine-zolazepam) (20mg/kg IM) (group A) is only recommended for non surgical/diagnostic (viz. Gastro-intestinal endoscopy)/minor surgical procedures in uncooperative dogs. Intramuscular anaesthetic protocol using glycopyrrolate (0.005 mg/kg)-xylazine (0.5 mg/kg)- Zoletil (tiletamine-zolazepam) (10 mg/kg) (group B) is recommended for Major surgical procedures of long durations. Neither of the anaestheteic protocol produced any serious deleterious effect on haemato-biochemical nor haemodynamic parameters, hence can be used safely in dogs as per the requirement of the procedure.