Effect of Sodium Azide to Develop Drought Tolerant Lines in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Its Genomics Evaluation Using Ssr Markers

Abstract

The mutagenesis is a novel tool for improvement and development of new plant genotypes. The purpose of present investigation was to effect of sodium azide to develop drought tolerant lines in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its genomics evaluation using SSR markers. The six wheat genotypes were treated with sodium azide (NaN3) for inducing drought condition. For treatment, 100 seed of each variety were treated with four concentrations (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06%) of sodium to analyze various morphological and physiological parameters under the irrigated and drought conditions. The highest germination percentage recorded was 98.3% in PBW-226 in control treatment. And the highest number of tillers (11.0) observed among the irrigated condition in control treatment of genotype PBW-590. The highest number of leaves (5.7) was observed for control irrigated condition in C306.The plant height of all the genotype with their treatment plants were recorded at 90 days. As per result showed the highest plants (66.3 cm) observed among control irrigated and drought condition of C306. The genotype PBW-590 Irrigated conditions, took comparatively increases average a time to get maturity in 119.4 days control genotype the variety HD- 3059 mutant concentration 0.04% percent of sodium azide. The highest 1000-grain weight recorded among the genotype PBW-590 under irrigated conditions when treated with 0.01% of sodium azide for 30 minutes. The 7 SSR primers were used for characterization of genetic difference in six wheat genotypes with fifty four mutant plants. Out of 7 SSR primers, 2 (20%) primers resulted into polymorphic, scorble and reproducible bands. The maximum allele was observed in Xgwm 349-4D and their amplified bands size ranges from 250 and 500 bp. The PIC ranges from 0.17 to 0.90. The highest value showed by Xgwm-63-7A and 0.176 is the lowest value shown by Xgwm-293-5A and Xgwm-349-2D. The average PIC value across all the loci analyzed was 0.53. The similarity coefficient of fifty four mutant lines in six cultivated wheat genotypes showed range from 0.203 to1.00 and most mutant lines show a high degree of genetic similarity. The present study of sodium azide should be used to create mutation in wheat genotypes, which are highly susceptible for drought and made them economically inexpensive and beneficial for farmers.