Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Abstract

lloc poc,.·nt •tud) cnlloled ~uet~roll> and comblnln~ abllil) Sludl .. for yltld •nd IIJ contrlbuolng lr•lt' In brud wheat (Triticum anti>u"' L.)" "", •rnul out 111 th<· Oep.vu~nt or C.c~h• •nd p!AJ1o llrnduw S.ord or V11ll.obhhhaJ P•ocl Um\Cr>rty ••I Aan<ulturc ond T e<hnology, Meerut. dunn11 2011·20 12 In th" '"'"> Ill ¥<11ntypco ulwho:~t, ,;L,IUJ 371•5, K 916l,I'UW JH, K 9423. K 7903. UNNAT·IIAI.NA, Nil.' 101~. IIU\\ '6(1, NW 1076, UP 2425 ·~ on\oh~J In dDIIcl mctbod ududia; recoprocab 10 I!Udy ~ a.:t10n. Ci>mbononll abohoy Un311Cc:s a.-.1 cll«b IIDil rmnorowoon or ~tennu Suahcs fot a~omoaon ol £'CIIOC)'PIC anJ phcnotypo: («tf..:ICISI oh11WJOn, bmtlbtbty and~ IIChaace, corrdotiCG axlf'ICICid aad ~tb rocfli >rnt •~ abo-« len JWCDU and dim 4S F1s ,.etc ploatcd "'Compltrc IUadomucd Ulod Ooign '"lh thrtt rcrlocauons. ~ obia'nons "=recorded tltl (i.e rudomly >ela:ted CUC:4"lllne pbnu from each CC""'>'J'C on IS ~11aD•~ dariiC:tcn n=el), dJ)'liO SO% llaamag. dJ)'liO mall.nl)', p1aa1 ~oghl (<mi. peduncle l~ngth (em). lbog leaf ura (em'!. number of produottve ullm pet plan~ Jp~kc knttb tcml. numbc:T of spoltlr" per spok~. own~ or ro•ns pet spike, biolopcal y>dc! pet plant CC). ptn ,...W pet planl 1111. h,of\t>l onde. ( •I. 1000 gnun "cogho l~l.gluocn conlcnl (~o) and phenol colour rc.octoon ~ .,~ ''"' rrvc.ol~d oo~nolicanl •uri.a ncc for all 1~ traoh <tudoc.t The .onaly>l> or ~he eompon '"t. .~o,;co.f truol • .t.IHtW 1:<"11<11( \Urt~ncc (D) \\o(re signolicanl lilt q lrOih n•mcly, plano heigh!, peduncle kngtlo, n.a ltlll '"~"· number ol l'"'ducll•c title~ per plant. ~pike kngoh, number of sptkclcts per spoke. boolol!k-•1 yleiJ ptr rl·"'' craln ytcld pn pl•nl a.-.1 """•'' onlk' Th,• domu>ancc unancc. (H and H;) ~"' tounJ oo be 'I~DIIiC,IRI h>t ll Jtall\ ~~;~mely, days lO 50 ~o 0owcnng. u•)>lO III.IIUnl), pf3nl beoglo~ peduncle kn¥1h, O.oa laf art'3, niiJIIbcr cor rrootu<lhc llllcrs pn pl.mt, lpilc kt1£1b. spilclet per spih. IKOI.l;iaJ yoc!d per plllll, • pm yodd pct pbnl, lw'\nt lndc>, 1000 groom t~mghl and Blut<n COII!CIIl PoQU\C and SlgDiriQDI \'JitiCS or f' ccmpootnt or •-arlaDCC "ere obu~ far the lr&lb 110:1ely, pbnl bripa. pcdo-k lcacsA bioqjal )icld per plmt and tun-at tndex m F 1 f;di<l-. II llldi<alccl WI domuwlt allclcs we llllft frcqumlll:loa r«n>~•~ alleles f<>r lboc lrllll. The ,-aj...,. of Jil eompo1lCfll ~ found posnhe aad sigai(ocaal for II lnlb aamdy, cbys to rmlunl), pbnl ~£111. peduncle knstb, numbcrofproducti\c lillcn perpWIJ. ~~p~le ~Ia, ~of •r•kckt• I>C'f rokc, number of gnoons per >po\e, boolo"col yocld per plan~ cnoon )1cld per pl•nl. ha""'' ondc• ond I (lOU ,, ........ ~hi. ,. hl<;h ., hiblled '"" ptcS<IICC or ~OtnltwlC'~ for ·~ clur.ctcn '" F, ... bc:re.u Olllcr "•'" namely, day• to SO·. no\\cnng. no~ leaf arc• and ~Iuten ronoeno showed PD"'"• but non-~oanofi,4nl • "'luc' ul F cornf'(mcnl of varian« which ondocal<d '""' oh<ro Wh p•rh•l domi11311cc Th~ ~1cnogc dcpec uf domon~n<o (t't 1 If> 1 ' ondocaoed o.er donunancc ltor IJ llaot• n•mcly, day> 10 50 ! • llu"cnnJI • .t•y• to 111 otunty, pl.uu hcosho, peduncle l<nglh. lUg leaf urea, produch•c hll<n per pbnl. number o( •pokrlcU per •pilc.lnJI!lber or IJnllllS pn r;ptlc, boologic2! )'leld per pbnt, pn ,teLJ per pl-. banal'*'· 1000 p;~on wcosh• and &lutcn <1>ntcnl "h«eas parmi domor>ance fur.pii.D l<nsth ~ 1~110 ort H ~H ,, ~ lo•~ lruon m lhcottlltlll ,.,.luc (0.25) roc !be !IUS r.olllC'I), do>-; 10 SO % no..'CriD&. cb)"IO umwny. pWtl ~ pedundc lenpb. lbo; leaf •a. aumber of pror!ucll\c 1ollcn per pbnt, spike ~ m=bcr of lpile!eb per sptle, IIUIIIbcr of cPU1> pct sptl..r, bio>JopcaJ )'Ide! per pbDI. cram )'ICJd per pbat. Joan'alondo, 1000 C"'= ·~ and sham contatl •flacb mc!iCIICd IS)l!I!DCirial dillltbo:lica of pouln'C and ocpln~ allcb • ....., the: ror<nb I he pr"''(>>ttitt ofc!omtnan1 and ~•"c ccnu ,. ... obkl'\ed gratccllwi 111111) lbt 101mb ramd), doys 1o SO% no .. =ng. dJyJIO cmtwUy,pbnl ~ pcc!unck leD£1fa, number ofproductn.., tillcn per pl.1nt, •role lcn£1h, boologocal )lcld per plant, ttram )l<ld f'<l' plant, bal'\cP tndu and 1000 pton "Cii;~l wh1ch .. hnwttl prtttncc of an exceu of dom1nanr a;tnet WhtrC'U tha~ r:uto "-.s ICM thAn umty (or 4 tnut1 v1.r. llllf h of IICJ. nunob<r of •ptkcfcl> per SJ'Il<>, number U( gtaon> ptr 'f'lkC and gi<Jtcn COnt<nl ~hiCh indonlco.f tlittl Uti ~~(.'('\\ ,.r f"CCt.'~'\iVC scn~s wu' pr~~cnt In I he puccntt hu tht~c t. hn.ractCh The MhU or h~ Ill \\-II. 11'«1~ lh 1n UOII)' l111 nurn~r IJI proJUCO\'C lJIJC1"4 per pi.Uit, ,p,h· l .. n lh. ntJmbcr of apaJ..tkli P,.'f spt~f, nun•bcr o( f;J'Olll» pn ~r•kc, btoiOSJClll )tciJ per plant, gram )'ICIJ per pW.t ond 1000 pin •••ght '" F1 gcncralllln, ,.h,th tndtc.ttcJ th.u "'""" lh.Jn unc III3JOr gene group; were I'CSJ'Oft"blc (or thctnhenlancc: ofthcJe t:barat~n~ While lhl\ r•tn> '"" kn thJn uruty for da~ to 50% no .. ~rms. d.J)'t to m..tunty, plant hctg.ht, pedundc lcn~th, "•~: kal ltrt"J, hanc>t tndc' lllkl gluten cuntcnt indattll8 the prncnce of atlca\1 11"3k 1111)0< gene poup 10 lllc tnhcnt•nce ol these char.tcte" Analy>" of v•nance for combtnmg abtltty rc\·ealed th.at var..nc_, d"" to ~;cncral combuung al>tht> IIJid ~p<:coti< <<>lllbmona aboltty wu hoghly aiamfic:ant for all the charo<tm nan1dy, day• tu 50 •• tlO)\\eFOng. dllys to matunt}. rlant hcoght. pedunde length, O•gleafarea. number of produc:tm: lllltro J'Cr rbnt. •poke l<ngth, number or •pokelcb J'Cf •poke, number of grams per Sptkc, btoiOjiiCal y1cld per plant. ~ram y1cld per plant, haf\est onde~. 1000 gram WCIIIhl ••«P• gluten conten~ for "'luch m .. n .qu.,c due to"" •••nancc ""' >ogncficant. This mdicatcs •mporlllncc of both odd111ve and non addillvc gene cffctt• 1n the onhcrctafl(, of the"' chata<tcrs The geoutyp .. NW 1076, UP 242S, NW 1014, K 7CJOJ and K 9423 were cdcnt tlicd "' best ~cncrul combcne" while, t<lh> combcl1311on< namely, K-9423 x NW-10 14. UN11-AT· IIALN.-\ 'HU\\'·560, K-9423 • UNNAT·HALNA, K-9162 x NW-1014, K-7903 x HUW·S60. PBW-373 \ UP-2425, R•J-3765 ' NW-1076, K-9423 'K-7903, NW-10!4' HU\\ -S60, Raj-376S • UN:-11\T -HALNA. K· 7903 'NW-10!4, K·9162' K-7903, K-9162 x NW-1076, RaJ·376S x NW-1014, K-9423 x HUW-$60, K· 91Eol 'U~K-'Il·HAL"'A. HU\\-560' :-<W-1076 \\trc 1dcnt•ficd a. be>t lpecific eombmcrs for )'ltld 1nd 11> cuntnhutmg '"''"· fhc highest ,;a]uc of pbc-yp•< IUid ccnocypiC coefficocnt of -~ion .. 'U ~ for !lag ICllf nrca, "h.:redJ the m1n1mum 'alue for da~ to matunty ""' o~ed H1gh henttbchty (narrow unsc) courkd """ high genetiC •d•:ance .. u found for n., lnf ...... Ho .. c.er high bentablhty oouplcd With mod craie genetiC odv~nce was obsen od for peduncle len~lh and number of spikclets per sp•k• "hereM hiah hentablhty coupkd 1\lth lo\\ genetic luh-ance \\&> ob><ned for number ofproduCIJ•-e IIIler> per plllflt, •p•kc length and ~Iuten content .1nd re$1 of the characters tthcbllcd Ulddinue rebt10rnlup bctwttn hentabd1ty and genetiC adv11nce. Gmm y>eld per plant exlubucd hig)•ly scgncficum and po>~Uvc com:lauon .. ,th number ol rrodudl\ c tllltrs per plant, •pike length, number of spokelcl$ per spckc. number of 81"'"' per 'pile, b1ologtcal yceld per plcull, harvest index antJ 1000 gr•in weight Path cotfficient analysos "''·ealed that brol0111tal yield per pl.mt 'ho" cd hogh order of direct effect on gram y1cld per plant followed by harvest index. I 000 81"'" wccght , number of grams per spike. sp•kclcngtb. day> to rNtunty, number ofproducti, .. tiller> per pW.t (only ot phcnotyp•c level) peduncle length, days to SO~- Oowenng and piJ.nt heigbL Six eros. comblnatrons oamcly, K-9423 'SW-10!4, l'SJoo.A f·HALNA • HUW-560. lYJ·376S x NW-1076, K-9423 x HUW-S60. N\\1-1014' HUW- ~60, K-9162 ~ K-7903 exlub•ted goo.! ~r tt pcrf0f111411ce anJ sig11i!iant ga effects for gnm ~ld per plant a•td 6-~ y1tld contnbutmg trails fhe cross K-9162 'N\\1-1076 was supenor for gram y>eld per pW11, Elutcn contmt anJ pbenol colour reattiOO .,llJeb call be <>plotted ror dc\-elopment of hybnd ",tb hrgb yield potcnw•l an~ chapan• quality through hctero.is brecdmg. Ba.<ed on the inoerprellltion of ~:coctic panmetcn, to •~plo1t IOd~•u•e and non add•u•c type of gene action ped•s;ree O<lectoon and bybridtatton bl>ed method> u"ng bencr gonotypcs OR therefore. suggested 8r<!td1ng method> ,...:b a. b•paren•.•l mallllg. m:cpnxal recurrent $Cie<t1on, triple tesc cross arc sugg<sted for e•ploctatton of additive and non addl!tve type of ¥tne II< liOn for ~··clopmcnt or impro•ed Vllnetie> of wheat.