Molecular Diversity Analysis of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Germplasm Using Ssr/rapd Markers.

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most important vegetable crop in the world after potato, being cultivated in many regions of the world. Genetic diversity of a germplasm is of utmost importance for plant breeding activities that seek the development of varieties with high quality, yield, resistant to disease, biotic and abiotic factors, among other characteristics of economic importance. In this present investigation eighteen Indian tomato germplasm were studied. The germplasm were grown in three replications in pots and their morphological characters like germination percentage, growth habit, hypocotyl colour, plant height, leaf shape, leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were investigated. The maximum germination was recorded in Kashi Amrit as 90.00%. In COMLCR-3 the maximum plant height 102 cm was recorded. The growth habit of fifteen germplasm was found to be determinate type. The hypocotyls were green color in most of the tomato germplasm. The longest plant leaf length was recorded as 42.40cm in COMLCR-3. The broadest tomato plant leaf was recorded in COMLCR-3 as 29.5cm width and largest tomato plant leaf area was recorded in COMLCR-3 as 948.8cm2. The eleven germplasm showed peruvianum type of leaf shape. The germplasms were also subjected to molecular analysis using SSR and RAPD markers. For molecular analysis five SSR and two RAPD primers were used by which a total eighteen polymorphic band and one monomorphic band were obtained. They were obtained with an average of 2.71 bands per primers showing 95.23% polymorphism. The cluster analysis and dendrogram of all the germplasm used based on the molecular analysis revealed the relationship of inter-varietal hierarchical relationship. The Kashi Adarsh and Kashi Amrit germplasm found more diverged from eighteen germplasm of tomato. The present study is extremely useful for genetic diversity of tomato germplasm. The variability was observed in tomato germplasm might be used as an important input for the further breeding programs.