Studies on Antagonistic Potential of Trichoderma spp Against Fusarium Spp

Abstract

Soil borne plant pathogens are the major problem among the disease causing agents. Fusarium spp. are the one of most important soil borne fungal pathogen of plants it causes economic loss to more than 200 host plants. These Fusarium spp. are soil borne therefore it is for reach to control by chemical or fungicides as soil application. The alternative approach, for the control these pathogens. Though, the biocontrol agent is necessary to control effectively of such soil borne plant pathogens. Therefore, considering the economic importance of soil borne plant pathogens, the present investigation was undertaken with experiments conducting during 2009-2010 at Deptt. Of Plant Pathology, S. V. P. University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P. (India). Collection of soil samples from various crop rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere of different locations. The diseased samples of tomato, chickpea and rice were collected. The antagonistic fungi were isolated using serial dilution techniques and plant pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased plant parts using routine technique. All antagonistic fungi were identified with the help of manual and/ or website and tested for their potential of biocontrol activities following dual inoculation (antagonistic fungi-Fusarium)techniques, effect of volatile and non-volatile metabolite on growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Fusarium fufikuroii. The results indicates that all antagonistic fungi were identified that are six isolates of T. harzianum; five isolates of T. uiride ; three isolates of T. koningii; two isolates of T. uirens and T. polysporum and one isolate of each of T. hamatum and Penicillium. The plant pathogenic fungi were also identified with help of manual and/ or website as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Fusarium fufikuroii from tomato, chickpea and rice, respectively. On basis of morphological and growth kinetic studies the Trichoderma spp. were identified as all the colony growth either fluffY or ,. suppressed mycelia, sporulation, presence or absence of pigmentation. Among all the isolates T. koningii (Tkoni-3) was grown fastest and T. uirens (Tvire-1 and Tvire-2) were grown very slowly under same set of conditions. Antagonistic activities results showed that Tharz-6, Tviri-1, Thama-1, and Tviri-5, Tpoly -2 were suppressed higher mycelia growth of F. o. f. sp. ciceri at 48 hrs and Tharz-1 and Tpoly-1 were superior inhibitor of mycelia growth of pathogen at 96 hrs, time interval. Likewise, Thama-1 and Tpoly-2 were suppressed higher growth of F. o. f. sp. lycopersici at 48 hrs and Tpoly-1 and Thama-1 were superior inhibitor of mycelia growth of this pathogen at 96 hrs. It indicates the Tpoly and Thama were effective at every time interval. Though, the antagonistic activity of Tharz-2 , Tviri-1, Tvire-2 and Tharz-6 were suppressed higher mycelia growth of F. fujikuroii at 48 hrs and Tharz-1, Tpoly-1, Tviri-4, and Tvire-2 were superior inhibitor of mycelia growth of this pathogen at 96 hrs, its indicates the Tharz and Tviri were effective at every time interval. Results of volatile metabolites effect on the growth of Fusarium spp indicate ,. that Tviri-2, Tharz-2, Tharz-4, Tpoly-1, and Thama-1 and Tpoly -2 were superior inhibitor of F. o. f. sp. lycopersici and Thama-1, Tharz-6, Tvire-2, Tviri-5 and Tpoly-1 were higher inhibitor of F. o. f. sp. ciceri, whereas, Tharz-2, Tpoly-1, Tkoni-1, Tharz-6, Tharz-4, Tviri-1, Tviri-2 and Thama-1 were higher inhibitor of radial growth of F. fujikuroii, it indicates that T. harzianum , T. viride, T. hamatum, T.polysporum and T. koningii were inhibiting the radial growth of all tested Fusarium spp. However, non-volatile metabolites re&Ults indicates that Tpoly-2, Tviri- 1, Tharz-3 were h igher inhibitor of the radial ~ growth of F. o. f. sp. lycopersici and Tpoly-2, Tviri-4, Tviri-1, and Tharz-4 were higher inhibitor of radial growth of F. o. f. sp. ciceri. Likewise, Tviri-1, Tharz-4, Tpoly-2 and Thama-1 were higher inhibitor of radial growth of Fusarium fujikuroii. An experiment was conducted on efficacy of urease enzyme productions of all antagonistic fungi. Results indicate that urease enzyme test of antagonistic fungi exhibited that Tpoly-2, Tviri-2, Thama-1, Tviri-2, Tviri-5, Tharz-6, Tviri- 2, Tkoni-2 and Penici-1 was higher urease producer isolates. These isolates were showed the effective performance in dual culture, volatile and nonvolatile metabolites antagonistic test as inhibition of growth and development of tested Fusarium spp. it is concluded that T. polysporum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. uiride, T. koningii can be used as bio-control agent and for plant growth promotion. These data required further research for better application of these isolate as biocontrol agents and plant growth promotion.