Studies on wilt associated disease causing fungal pathogens of chickpea and their management

Abstract

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is annual legume (pulse crop) that is extensively cultivated for human consumption throughout the world, including the Mediterranean basin, the Near, Central and South Asia, East Africa, South North America, and Australia. The chickpea crop is attacked by 172 pathogens (67 fungi, 22 viruses, 3 bacteria, 80 nematodes) from all over the world. Among all, some of the serious diseases in order of their importance are fusarium wilt causing pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii and stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of chickpea. In present study, survey of chickpea field was conducted in western Utter Pradesh. During survey it was observed that maximum disease incidence was recorded in Bareilly district 13.55% followed by Mathura 10.33%. A laboratory experiment was conducted with a view to select suitable fungicides against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by using poison food techniques. Fungicide cabendazim 50%WP, Azoxystrobin 25% WG and Propiconazol 25% EC, given 100% inhibition of mycelial growth all three tested pathogens at 50, 75 and 100 ppm concentration. Efficacy of bio agent and plant extract were evaluated against. F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii and stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of chickpea. The bio agent Trichoderma harzinium was recorded (62.06%), Parthenium leaf extract 10 % (38.19%) mycelium growth inhibition of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. In case of Sclerotium rolfsi Trichoderma harzinium was recorded (74.11%), Bael leaf extract 10 % (57.77%) mycelium growth inhibition. Where as, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pseudomonas fluorescens were recorded (77.74 %), Bael leaf extract 10% (68.88%) mycelium growth inhibition. In vitro effect of different temperature on redial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were studied. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Sclerotium rolfsii were produced maximum redial growth at 26°C temperature. Where as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was produced maximum redial growth at 24°C temperature .Effect of different culture media were observed on fungal mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The maximum mycelial growth were recorded on Potato dextrose agar medium.Effect of different date of sowing on plant growth parameter and wilt disease incidence of chickpea.The maximum seed germination (97.81%) and minimum disease incidence 11.25%, 13.88% were recorded at 30 and 60 days in pot sown on 22th November and it also increase growth parameter of chickpea. Occurrence of wilt disease was observed at vegetative, preblooming and maturation stage of chickpea. Among all three stage minimum disease incidence were recorded at maturation stage Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (26.72%) Sclerotium rolfsii (26.72%) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (11.74%) disease incidence. Bio agents, plant extract, essential oil and organic amendment were tested on plant growth parameter and wilt disease of chickpea in field condition. Among the all treatments, soil application with T. harzianum (1X 108 CFU) @ 5 kg with vermicompost 100 kg /ha was recorded the minimum disease incidence 11.62 % and 13.74% at 30 and 60 days with maximum root length 9.50 cm, 13.99 cm, plant height 19.25cm, 50.66cm, 48 pods/plant and yield 7.03 Q/ ha of chickpea crop.