Studies on Vegetative Reproductive and Biochemical Parameters of Pear (Pyrus Communis L.) Cultivars as Affected by Bio-fertilizers Under the Climatic Conditions of Western Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

The research study titled "Investigation on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Biochemical Parameters of Pear Cultivars under the Influence of Biofertilizers in Western Uttar Pradesh" was carried out at the Horticultural Research Center of SVPUA&T, Modipuram, Meerut (U.P) during the crop year 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. The objective of the study was to explore the impact of various biofertilizers on different pear cultivars, with a focus on vegetative, reproductive, and biochemical attributes. The data collected from the study were meticulously compiled, tabulated, and subjected to rigorous statistical analysis employing a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement. In the realm of vegetative attributes, the study findings unveiled noteworthy outcomes. While the variation in plant height among the cultivars and biofertilizers was not statistically significant, the variety "Gola" displayed the highest stature, juxtaposed with "Babugosha" registering the lowest. Similarly, the number of lateral branches per plant exhibited significant variations due to the interplay of cultivars and biofertilizers, with "Gola" once again demonstrating superior lateral branching. The canopy spread and stem girth were also influenced by these factors, showcasing the substantial impact of the biofertilizer treatment involving N 100% + P 100% + Azotobacter (100g) + PSB (100g) + Trichoderma (50g) + Vermicompost (@3kg). Moving to flowering attributes, the study results indicated that days of flowering initiation and days of full bloom were insignificantly influenced by the cultivars and biofertilizers. Nonetheless, the application of biofertilizers played a pivotal role in enhancing the number of flowers per plant, where the highest values were achieved by pairing the variety "Gola" with the N 100% + P 100% + Azotobacter (100g) + PSB (100g) + Trichoderma (50g) + Vermicompost (@3kg) treatment. The analysis of fruiting attributes revealed substantial variations attributed to cultivar and biofertilizer interactions. The variety "Gola" consistently showcased remarkable attributes in terms of fruit setting days, fruit set percentage, fruit length, width, weight, and volume. Once again, the N 100% + P 100% + Azotobacter (100g) + PSB (100g) + Trichoderma (50g) + Vermicompost (@3kg) treatment contributed positively to these attributes, underlining the potential for synergistic benefits. In the realm of biochemical attributes, the study brought to light significant variations in parameters like ascorbic acid, tritrable acid, total sugar, reducing sugar, and non-reducing sugar. These variations were attributed to the dynamic interplay of cultivars and biofertilizers. Notably, the variety "Gola" consistently demonstrated higher levels of these attributes, further accentuated by the application of N 100% + P 100% + Azotobacter (100g) + PSB (100g) + Trichoderma (50g) + Vermicompost (@3kg). Economic attributes were meticulously examined, revealing the comprehensive economic viability of the studied parameters. The total cost of cultivation exhibited significant variations, with the N 100% + P 100% + Azotobacter (100g) + PSB (100g) + Trichoderma (50g) + Vermicompost (@3kg) treatment incurring the highest cost and the control group registering the lowest. Gross returns, net returns, and benefit-cost ratios consistently favored the variety "Gola" and the N 100% + P 100% + Azotobacter (100g) + PSB (100g) + Trichoderma (50g) + Vermicompost (@3kg) treatment. the study underscored the synergistic impact of biofertilizers and pear cultivars on enhancing vegetative, reproductive, and biochemical attributes. The combination of N 100% + P 100% + Azotobacter (100g) + PSB (100g) + Trichoderma (50g) + Vermicompost (@3kg) and the variety "Gola" emerged as a powerful strategy for augmenting yield and quality in pear cultivation within the climatic context of western Uttar Pradesh. The findings of this investigation serve as a valuable resource for optimizing pear production practices, contributing to the advancement of horticultural practices and agricultural sustainability in the region.