Clinical Studies on Zoletil and Propofol Induced Anaesthesia in Glycopyrrolate-xylazine-butorphanol Premedicated and Isoflurane Maintained Dogs

Abstract

The present study was conducted in the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, SVPUA & T, Meerut, 250110 (U.P.) on twelve client owned dogs , (1 Nondescripts, 2 Labrador, 2 Rottweilers, 2 German shepherds, 1 Pitbull, 1 Golden retriever, 1 Begal, 1 Dachshund and 1 Doberman) of either sex (4 Males and 8 Females), of different age groups (5 months to 10 years range) suffering from various surgical affections were selected as the subject of the study. These animals were randomly divided into 2 groups A and B to evaluate the effect of two different anaesthetic protocols. In group A, glycopyrrolate was administered initially at dose rate of 0.005 mg/kg I/M and then after 15 min, xylazine and butorphanol was administered at dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg I/M, respectively mixed in the same syringe and after 15 min of this, propofol (1%) (I/V) was administered till effect. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. The time of glycopyrrolate administration was taken as ‘0’ min. of the observation period. In group B, glycopyrrolate was administered initially at the dose rate of 0.005mg/kg I/M, and then after 15 min, xylazine and butorphanol was administered at dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.2mg/kg I/M, respectively mixed in the same syringe and after 15 min, of it zoletil 100 was administered, intravenously till effect. After induction of anaesthesia the animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of suitable size and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane using small animal anaesthesia machine in semi closed circle system keeping the vaporizer setting between 1-3% depending on the requirement as evidenced by the status of different reflexes and pain response shown by the animal. The anaesthesia was maintained up to 120 min. or till completion of surgical procedure. Time of administration of glycopyrrolate was taken as ‘0’ min. of the observation period. Anaesthetic combination of glycopyrrolate – xylazine - butorphanol - propofol produced better quality sedation than glycopyrrolate - xylazine - butorphanol - zoletil combination in this study. No significant difference in the quality of induction was recorded between the groups. Anaesthetic combination of glycopyrrolate - xylazine - butorphanol - zoletil produced excellent and smooth recovery but took longer time for recovery than glycopyrrolate - xylazine - butorphanol – propofol. Animals of the group A required less amount of induction dose i.e. 1-2.5 ml then group B i.e. 2-7 ml. Animals of group B, required the higher concentration of isoflurane (2% to 4.5%) for maintenance of anaesthesia than that of group A (1% to 3%). Analgesia quality was higher in group A, than group B. Corneal reflex, palpebral reflex and pedal reflex were completely abolished after induction and remained so during maintenance of anaesthesia in both the groups. Myorelaxation was significantly higher in group A than group B at time interval of 0,5 and 15 min, and highly significant at time of 40 and 120min. No significant difference in the Jaw tone and eye ball position was recorded between both the two groups. In the animals of group, A arrhythmia and bradycardia was observed, but in group B only arrhythmia was observed. The respiratory rate was significantly higher in group B than group A at 20min and 60 min interval. Rectal temperature was significantly higher in group B than group A at 0 to 10 min, and highly significant at 15 to 30min. Pulse rate did not differ significantly between the two groups at any time interval. There was no significant difference in the value of MAP and SPO2 between the two groups. But in both groups MAP rapidly decreased after administrative of zoletil and propofol. Induction and down time were not significantly different between two groups. Duration of anaesthesia was significantly higher in group A then group B. Recovery time was significantly higher in group A than group B. Group B took lesser time to stand than group B. The haematological parameters viz. haemoglobin, packed cell volume and biochemical parameters viz. blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and glucose fluctuated within the normal physiological limits during whole observation period and were 102 close to normal base values at complete recovery indicating non-significant alteration in the body systems. Although an increase in blood glucose was recorded in the animal of both groups.