Marker Assisted Selection for Patato Cyst Nematodes Resistance in Solanum tuberosum L.

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a crucial global food crop, ranking third after rice and wheat in tenns of importance. Originating in the Andes of South America, it was first cultivated thousands of years ago and later introduced to Europe. Over time, through breeding and adaptation to various environmental conditions, a diverse range of potato varieties with distinct characteristics emerged. Potatoes are highly nutritious, comprising approximately 75% water, 21% carbohydrates (predominantly starch), 2.5% protein, and essential vitamins such as C and B6. They also provide a well-balanced array of amino acids necessary for a healthy human diet. However, potato cultivation faces significant challenges due to the prevalence of pathogens, insect- pests, and abiotic stresses, which are further exacerbated by climate change. Although conventional breeding and marker-assisted selection have played crucial roles in developing resistant potato varieties, progress is limited due to the autotetraploid nature of the crop and its predominant asexual propagation. Recent advancements in sequencing technologies and the availability of the potato genome sequence have paved the way for innovative approaches such as genome editing to improve crop productivity and resilience. The CRISPR/Cas technology, a p'owerful genomics tool, has demonstrated promising outcomes in various crops, including potato. Studies have shown its effectiveness in enhancing tuber quality, disease resistance (e.g., against late blight and potato virus Y), and other desirable traits. This review explores the potential of genome editing in enhancing potato crop improvement. By precisely modulating target genes, genome editing offers· a powerful appro~ch to address the challenges faced by potato cultivation globally. Through this technology, improved potato varieties can be developed to withstand changing environmental conditions and ensure food security. However, regulatory frameworks and ethical considerations must be carefully addressed to facilitate the practical application of these advanced techniques in the field.