Studies on the Effect of Different Nutrient Management System on Dynamics of Diseases in Major Rabi Crops Under Basmati Rice-based Cropping System

Abstract

Rice is an important crop of India. Basmati rice is an important commodity for earning foreign exchange but export i is heing threatened by the presence of residue of chemicals in basmati rice there are several examples when Indian rice consignment has been rejected due to the presence of chemical residue. For getting higher yield per hectare, are applying higher dose of chemical particularly nitrogenous fertilizers. Higher dose of fertilizers make crop erahle to the attack of pest and diseases. For the management of these pest and disease, farmers are using chemical pesticides unjudicially. Indiscriminate use of pesticide in basmati crop production posing the problem of pesticide residue in basmati rice that is serious threat to the export of basmati rice. Therefore, there is a need to develop the system of basmati rice production through which we can reduces the use of chemical-based fertilizer that will be beneficial for the cop health as well as for the farmers. In westem Utar Pradesh, basmati rice is major Kharif crop growing in large area by the farmers. After basmati crop, farmers are growing wheat, mustard, chickpea as major crop in these field. The present study was caried out to know which of the nutrient management system and which of the crop rotation is much better from the healthy and sustainable basmati rice production point of view. For this study same field was used for conducting trail in Kharif season. Basmati rice was cultivated with the same treatment of nutrient management system in the same plot both the year Kharif 2021-22. In Kharif season wheat, chickpea, mustard was use to see the impact of residual nutrient of previous crop on the growth disease occurrence and soil microbial population in Rabi crop as well as nutrient management system applying in the same season in these crops. Observation on growth parameters, yield, disease OcCcurence and microbial population were record in all three crops. Maximum (97.4 cm and 98.4 cm), (42.3 cm and 46.6 cm) and (200.0 cm and 203.0 cm) plant height and (34.17 q/ha and 35.50 q/ha) (9.44 q/ha and 10.40 q/ha) and (9.08 q/ha and 10.06 q/ha) yield was recorded in T3- INM 50:50 in wheat, chickpea and mustard both the years 2020-21 and 2021- 2, respectively. Minimum 1.90 per cent and 2.44 per cent disease incidence of collar rot and Fusarium wilt was recorded mof chick pea, respectively and minimum disease severity 3.24 per cent, 1.16 per cent and 4.28 per cent of white rust, powdery mildew and Alternaria leaf spot was recorded in mustard inT2-100 per cent inorganic fertilizer during the 2020 , TE5pectively. In case of microbial population, maximum bacterial population (326.0x 10* CFU g' soil), (346.6 * 10 Ug'soil) and (431.3 x 10 CFUg'soil) and fungal population (43.3 x 10 CFU g' soil), (56.3 x 10° CFU g'soil) and CFUg " soil) was recorded in T4-100 per cent organic fertilizers in wheat, chick pea and mustard at 45 DAS, vely In viro study the effect of different concentration ( , 10 and 15%) of cow urine, cow dung and jeevamrit mycelial growth of different pathogens viz, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, Sclerotium rojsi, Sclerotina era. evamrit. In the present study, nutrient application having INM mode (50 inorganic and 50 organic) was found highly d sclerotioru Seler zOCIOnia bataticola, Alternaria brassica. Complete inhibition of mycelial growth of Sclerotium rofsii d Sclerotiorum was found in cow urine at all the concentrations after 144 hours of incubation. In case of cow ang, 100 per cent inhibition of my oi incubation. Jeevamrit was not fou mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii was found at all the concentrations after 120 hours found much effective in reducing the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Maximum nhibitior Cen e of jeevamrit was observed at 15 per cent against Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (22.2 nd 21.1 per cent) respectively. None inhibition of mycelial growth at 5 per cent concentration was recorded in nCreased microbial population in all the crops.